The natural cycle of water

In nature, water actively participates in the life that exploits and transforms it. On a global scale, water is constantly passing through different states - liquid, water vapor, ice. This cycle resulting from the thermodynamics of our land ensures access to water for living beings and the recycling of materials and products that wastewater carries.

Artificial cycles of water

The growth of humans on earth would not have been possible without the increasingly sophisticated technologies of water transportation and treatment. These allow him to consume water and make the most of it while using the techniques of purifying rejected water in order to reintegrate it into the natural cycle.

In parallel with the natural cycle, man treats water in various artificial cycles:

• water is channeled from a natural source to multiple consumers. It is used for various human activities, with industry in mind. Until then, the water transport components are in the " drinking water " category and can be recognized by their blue color.
  
  
• After use, the water is evacuated, loaded with a multitude of toxic products and impurities. The natural cycle is far too slow to absorb this waste, the human must put its ingenuity to work to eliminate them effectively. The components of these " sanitation " category cycles are marked with the color red.
  
  

Three important stations are noted: drinking water plant, lifting station, treatment station.

The drinking water factory

Mineral and organic impurities that are harmful to the health and use of man are separated from water of natural origin.

• The screening and sieving eliminate the majority of physical particles. The decantation and sand filtration remove the finer particles.
  
  
• The chlorisation and ozonation complement the treatment with activated carbon through the removal of organic nature of the particles.

The lifting station

The lifting station ensures a further increase in pressure in case of occasional drop.

Causes of pressure drop:

• The length of the pipes
• The increase in the level of supply

The wastewater treatment plant

In use, the water is loaded with multitudes of impurities to be evacuated.
In order to minimize the pollution of nature, when a water laden with toxic products from industry and the private sector is discharged from the ground, it is passed to a treatment station which extracts and separates the foreign matter from its source. natural state.

These are mainly sludge separated by more or less passive treatments

• the desander and oiler sands, grease, fluids for reprocessing, recycling, disposal
• the sludge silo with liquid or dry tailings for agricultural use, composting, incineration

Components of water transport

The liquid must be transported from one point to another sometimes on long journeys. It must be routed without leaks between each of the stations, users and access to natural water. The range of components for the transport of water makes it possible to respond to all geological and topographical situations. What is this material made of?
The use of the transported product is associated with the color of the equipment installed:

The colour

Red-brown

Blue

Black

Red

Sanitation

Transport of drinking water

Irrigation

Fire equipment

Depending on the use and the diameters requested different materials are available

The material

Ductile
iron

Polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC / PE)

Polyethylene RC
(PP)

Reinforced
concrete

GRP
(Glass Reinforced
Polyester)

Stainless
steel

Equipment

Tubes
for long journeys

Fittings
provide the connections
between the various components

Taps
Management of the passage of liquids

Pumps
Lift stations
Pressure management

Different junction modes like for example

Connection
flange

Double
chamber tulip
connection
locked

Simple tulip
link and VI
(Tyton SIT +)

Connection
flange tulip

The order in which
the screws must be tightened is very strict.

Switching from one connection
mode to another

At high pressures (up to 100 Bar) the tulip connections are double chambered.
1. chamber: housing of the seal
2. room: housing of the keys of locking

Various seals

Flat reinforced joint

VRST seal

TYTON seal

TYTON SIT + gasket

Coatings of water transport components

To avoid leaks many problems are to be solved. This "skin" that represents the walls of the pipes must be imperatively protected against the various mechanical, chemical or electrochemical attacks that can alter the substance of the inside as well as the outside.

Cement:
Active protection: As the cement is hygrophilic, it becomes impregnated with water and thus creates an alkaline environment protecting the melt from corrosion.
Passive protection: consists in producing a barrier between the cast iron and the transported liquid.

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